Motion

Motion Motion Motion or movement is a topic and a concept which we experience every moment! There is not a second that we can claim that an object is not moving. It is fascinating to understand everything in the Universe is moving. But how? If we are sitting in our room by ourselves, we say that we are just sitting and not moving. But it should be noted that the person sitting in the room is simply sitting with respect to his roommate. But how about with respect to Moon? It may sound overwhelming, but yes because we are on Earth and Earth is continuously spinning around its own axis and around the axis of the Sun, if there is a person standing on the Moon, he will say that the person sitting in the room is also moving. So with the above example it is to be understood that the terms moving and not moving are relative terms, dependent on the surroundings. Whether we look at an apple falling from a tree, or the chemical and nuclear reactions, or the case of heart pumping blood, everything is moving and this change in position is termed as Motion. What is Motion? Motion is the change in an objects position with respect to its surroundings. Motion is also defined as the process of any movement or the action of being moved. The study of motion plays a huge and a very important role in Physics. The concepts of Physics always revolve around the aspect of motion. In Physics, the study of the motion of objects is termed as Mechanics. The branch of Mechanics which involves describing the motion of objects using various tools such as equations, diagrams and graphs is known as Kinematics. This motion is usually described in terms of distance, time, displacement, velocity and acceleration. Distance and Displacement: Distance is the physical quantity which describes how much path or ground an object has entirely covered during its motion. Distance is a scalar quantity as it only has magnitude and no direction. Displacement is the physical quantity which describes the objects overall change in position. It is also defined as the shortest distance of an object from its initial position to its final position. In many cases it is typically distinct from the objects actual path covered. Displacement is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction. Let us look at an example below which tells us the difference between distance and displacement. Let a car starting at point P travel 3m down South and then 4m in the East direction as shown in the figure on the right. The cars initial position is at point P and its final position is at point B. The total distance travelled by the car = PA + PB = 3m + 4m = 5m However, the displacement of the car must be the shortest distance from the initial point to the final point, and this implies displacement = PB We can calculate PB by using Pythagorean Theorem == PB = (32 + 42) = 25 = 5m Hence the displacement of the same car is 5m. Speed and Velocity: The term used for describing how fast an object is moving is Speed. Speed is a scalar quantity as it is associated only with the magnitude. An object travelling faster has greater speed, and hence covers more distance in less amount of time. Velocity is a physical quantity which describes the rate at which an object changes its position from one point to another. Velocity is a vector quantity as magnitude and direction both apply to it. Acceleration: Acceleration is defined as the rate at which an object changes its velocity. This implies that an object is said to be accelerating only if it is changing its velocity. If the object is not changing its velocity and instead travels with a uniform velocity, then the acceleration of that object is said to be 0. If an object has an initial velocity of u and final velocity of v, then the average acceleration of that object in a certain time interval of t can be calculated using the formula shown below: Types of motion: There are 2 types of motion based on whether an object covers equal distances or unequal distance in a certain interval of time. a) Uniform motion: If an object covers equal amount of distances in equal intervals of time (it is alright if the time intervals are really short), then such a motion is known as the Uniform motion. Example: If a car covers 5m in the 1 second, 10m in 2 seconds, 15m in 3 seconds, then we say that the car is travelling with uniform motion as it is covering constant 5m in every single second. b) Non-Uniform Motion: If an object covers unequal amount of distances in equal intervals of time, or if it covers equal amount of distances in unequal intervals of time, then such a motion is known as the Non-uniform motion. Example: If a car initially travels 5m in the first second and then 12m in 2 seconds, and 18m in 3 seconds, and so on then it is non-uniform motion. Motion is primarily classified into 3 types based on the path taken by the object in motion: 1) Translatory motion: If the position of an object changes with respect to a fixed point (or object), without a change in its orientation, then such a motion is known as the Translatory motion. Theoretically the path of an object in pure translatory motion can be a linear path or a curved path. The motion along a straight line path is known as the linear motion and the motion along a curved path is known as the curvilinear motion. Examples: A bus moving on the road, path of a moving vehicle on a straight road. 2) Rotatory motion: If an object moves in a circular path about a fixed point in space (about the axis of rotation) is known as the Rotatory motion. Examples: The wheel of any moving vehicle, hands of a clock, spinning top etc. 3) Oscillatory motion: The to and fro motion of an object is known as the Oscillatory motion. Examples: Swinging pendulum, swings in a playground, swinging cradle etc. There are other types of motion such as vibrational motion, periodic motion, random motion which can also be observed in our daily life. Newtons Laws of Motion: Isaac Newton, a scientist in the 17th century put forward 3 laws that explain why the objects move and why they dont move. These 3 laws have been popularly known as the Newtons Laws of Motion. These laws are extremely important and are the baseline for various concepts in physics. 1)Newtons First Law of Motion: The first law states that an object at rest stays in rest and an object in motion continues to stay in motion (with the same speed in the same direction), unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law brings out an underlying concept known as the Inertia. Inertia can be defined as the tendency of an object to resist a change in its motion. Example: A coffee placed inside a car remains steady even when the car is moving forward. But in a situation when a sudden brake is applied, as the coffee continues going forward with the same speed in the same direction, it is spilled all over the wind shield. 2)Newtons Second Law of Motion: The second law states that the acceleration of an object as produced by a net force is inversely proportional to the mass of the object, and is directly proportional to the magnitude of the net force (direction being the same as the net force). This law when translated to a mathematical statement can be written as shown below: The above equation when rearranged gives us: 3)Newtons Third Law of Motion: When objects come in contact with each other, as a result of those interactions the push or pull that acts upon the objects is termed as Force. There are forces which are termed as Contact Forces as they result from interactions that come through contact. Examples of contact forces are normal force, tension force, frictional force, and any applied forces. There are other types of forces that show effect even from a distance. Examples of such forces are gravitational force, magnetic force, electrical force etc. According to Newton, whenever objects interact with each other they apply force on each other. And in this interaction the 2 forces that act upon the objects in contact, are the action-reaction forces. So Newtons third law states that, every action has an equal and opposite reaction. So this law clearly explains that forces always come in pairs, and when the objects are in contact with each other the size of forces (magnitude) on the first object by the second, and on the second object by the first are the same. The direction of force exerted on the first object is opposite to the direction of force exerted on the second object. Example: When a person sits on the chair, the person exerts downward force on the chair and the chair exerts upward force on the person. This is an action-reaction pair resulting from the contact between the person and the chair. Equations of Motion: There are 3 equations of motion which are used to describe motion of any object. These equations are in terms of distance, time, displacement, velocity and acceleration. 1)First Equation of Motion: Consider an object travelling on a straight line with an initial velocity of u at t = 0, and reaches final velocity in a certain time interval of t. If the acceleration during this time interval is a, then the first equation of motion is given as: Acceleration, a = Change in velocity/ Time a = (v u) / t This can also be written as == a * t = (v u) The above when rearranged gives us: v = u + a*t Example: A car initially starts at rest and when time is 6 seconds it travels with a velocity of 30m/s. What is the acceleration of the car in this time interval? Given: Car starts at rest == at t = 0, initial velocity, u = 0m/s After t = 6 seconds, final velocity, v = 30m/s Acceleration, a = ? From the first equation of motion we have: v = u + at This implies: 30 = 0 + a*6 == 30 = 6a == a = 30/6 = 5m/s2 Therefore, the acceleration of the car is 5m/s2 in the given time interval. 2)Second Equation of Motion: Let u = initial velocity of an object v = final velocity of an object t = total time taken for the object to travel a displacement = d a = acceleration of the object We know that: Average Velocity = Total displacement covered / Total time taken Now, Average Velocity can be written as the average of the initial velocity and the final velocity of an object. Therefore, average velocity = (u + v)/2. Substituting this average velocity in the above equation we get: (u + v)/2 = Total displacement covered / Total time taken ==(u + v)/2 = d/t. This gives: (u + v) = 2d/t Now from the First Equation of Motion we have: v = u + at. Substituting this into the above equation we get: (u + u + at) = 2d/t == 2u + at = 2d/t == t * (2u + at) = 2d == 2ut + at2 = 2d Now solving for d, we get: d = 1/2 * (2ut + at2) == d = ut + *at2 Example: Andrew is waiting at a stoplight. When the stoplight turns to green, Andrew accelerated from rest at a rate of 8.00 m/s2 for a time of 4 seconds. What is the displacement of Andrews car during this time period? Given: Initial velocity of the car, u = 0m/s Acceleration, a = 8m/s2 Time taken, t = 4seconds Displacement, d = ? From the given information, here we can use the Second Equation of Motion. Therefore, d = ut + * at2 == d = (0* 4) + (1/2 * 8 * 42) == d = 64m Hence the displacement of Andrews car during the given time period is 64m 3)Third Equation of Motion: Let u = initial velocity of an object v = final velocity of an object t = total time taken for the object to travel a displacement = d a = acceleration of the object From the First Equation of Motion we have: v = u + at. This equation when rearranged gives us (v- u) = at Equation 1 Now, we know that: Average Velocity = Total displacement covered / Total time taken (u + v)/2 = d/t. Hence (v + u) = 2d/ t Equation 2 Now multiplying both Equation 1 and Equation 2 we get: (v u) (v + u) = at * 2d/t Therefore we get: (v2 u2) = 2ad Example: Edward is driving a bike and he accelerates from 4m/s to a speed of 10m/s over a distance of 20m. What is the acceleration of the bike? Given: Initial velocity, u = 4m/s Final velocity, v = 10m/s Distance covered, d = 20m Acceleration, a = ? From the given information, here we can use the Third Equation of Motion. Therefore, v2 u2 = 2ad == (102 42) = 2* a* 20 == (100 16) = 40 * a == 84 = 40 * a Now solving for a we get: a = 84/40 == a = 2.1m/s2

The Benefits Of A Learning German

The Benefits Of A Learning German Why Learn German? The Advantages of German Courses ChaptersOpportunities For Educational TravelA Chance To Live And Work AbroadThe Promise Of A High-Class EducationMore Professional Opportunities On The HorizonIf you haven’t yet been exposed to a second language, you might be feeling quite uneasy about the concept of choosing one to study for the next two (or even more) years.Most public secondary schools in the country offer multiple language choices at GCSE and A level like French, German, Spanish and Italian, with some even giving pupils the option to learn Mandarin.With so many to choose from, you may be thinking about which language could benefit you the most in the future: i.e. you might be asking yourself which one is spoken more widely, which one they speak at your usual summer holiday destination or which one could help you to advance your ideal career. However, you may also be looking for an easy ride and wondering which one is the easiest to learn!Although German shares many similarities with English, acquiring any secon d language is a challenge and won’t come easily without hard work and practice, unless you have a real natural flair for international languages.The German language shares some similarities with English. We even borrowed words like Doppelgänger from heir dictionary! Photo credit: vydd via Visualhunt.com / CC BYUnlike the Latin-based languages like French and Italian, German also has quite a distinctive set of sounds and pronunciation that you must master. The need to comprehend new symbols and use of capitalisation is not dissimilar to learning how accents change the sounds of letters in those other languages though.So, with all of this talk of German as an option, there is one last question to answer, and a very good one at that: what is the point in learning German when so many people in Germany speak English?Although it is fair to say that English is widely spoken across Germany, here are just some of the benefits that you could be faced with if you choose to study German as a second language.held in high regard by various companies.Despite lessons often being offered in both German and English, a certain level of German is required to get by during the academic courses.Find out where you can take German lessons.More Professional Opportunities On The HorizonStudying German, or any second or third language for that matter, can significantly increase your employability rating as candidates with language skills are often high in demand across all sectors.German, in particular, is an incredibly sought after language thanks to the strong business connections that the UK has with its close European ally, and the fact that it is such a widely spoken language around the world.The study of German is a sensible choice for anyone who wants to work in engineering, as the Germans are world leaders in this field. However, there are other areas of business which you might not realise are equally thriving in Germany right now.Firstly, as a direct result of the countryâ €™s many refugees whose skills need assessing, there is currently a strong requirement for recruitment and training executives to help businesses to hire suitable candidates to fill roles.Also, with unemployment levels falling and disposable income going up, the country has seen an influx in purchases of high value items (including furniture and other tangible objects). This is why Consumer Goods is such a strong part of the German economy today.Finally, the energy market has come out of the other side of its crisis, which began three years ago, and now the sector is thriving. With new policies in place and lots of restructuring having been ordered, major changes have been enforced and energy analysts in the country predict that the energy storage market will peak over the next few years.So, if you love the idea of living and working in Germany but don’t want a career in automobiles or engineering, don’t be put off! In addition to the three highlighted above, there are many othe r sectors that would welcome talent from abroad if they had the right skills.So, now you see why German is such a great skill to have on your CV. You really can do no wrong by choosing to study this language.Learn about the best German revision guides and past papers to get the best results possible.Find German lessons London.

Croque Monsieurs for Beginners

Croque Monsieurs for Beginners How to Make Croque Monsieurs ChaptersWhere Did the Croque Monsieur Originate?The True Croque Monsieur RecipeDifferent Types of Croque MonsieurAdvice for Getting the Most Out of Your Croque Monsieur“I suddenly discovered that cooking was a rich and layered and endlessly fascinating subject. The best way to describe it is to say that I fell in love with French food- the tastes, the processes, the history, the endless variations, the rigorous discipline, the creativity, the wonderful people, the equipment, the rituals.” - Julia ChildWith French food being among the most popular in Europe, there are plenty of tasty dishes that budding chefs can learn to make.One of the quickest and easiest dishes to make is the Croque Monsieur. While it's essentially a ham and cheese sandwich at its core, the way you make it and the use of bechamel and melted cheese on top of it makes it so much more than a cheese toasty or grilled cheese sandwich with sliced ham.In this article, we’ll look at just how you can make it. Giovann iCooking Teacher 4.83 (12) £25/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors HalimaCooking Teacher £12/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors HakimCooking Teacher 5.00 (5) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors VincenzoCooking Teacher £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors GinellaCooking Teacher £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors ArronCooking Teacher 5.00 (2) £9/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors JoshuaCooking Teacher 5.00 (5) £30/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutors FlickCooking Teacher 5.00 (1) £50/h1st lesson free!Discover all our tutorsWhere Did the Croque Monsieur Originate?The dish is popular in Parisian bistros and is often ordered by tourists and locals alike. It’s quick to make, quick to eat, and great with a side of fries or salad. The Croque monsieur as it is today originated in Parisian bistros but the toasted sandwiches that inspired it didn't. (Source: MMWoolly)But is the Croque monsieur even French?The answer isn’t that simple.Certain historians trace the Croque monsieur to Australian aboriginals. It’s travelled a long way. Of course, it changed a bit on its journey.These Australian nomads would wrap their meat in two slices of dough and cook it over a wood fire. This recipe made its way further afield with roots in Indonesia.You’re probably wondering how this came to be the Croque monsieur we know today.It wasn’t until the 20th century that the Croque monsieur would appear in France. In 1910, a Parisian café on the Boulevard des Capucines starting offering the Croque monsieur; slices of with melted cheese and slices of ham.It was an instant success and started popping up all over the city. More and more cafés and bistros began offering them to Parisians and tourists.  However, it wasn’t called a “Croque Monsieur” yet.Outside of Paris, a “Croque” referred to toast that was made by soaking the bread in eggs. Funnily enough, this is basically what we call “French toast” in the UK. The word made its way into the city.Historian René Girard gives another explanation:In his 1947 book “Histoire des mots de la cuisine française” (History of Words in French Cuisine), he mentions the bistro “Le Bel Age”. The chef Michel Lunarca had to replace the bread due to a shortage in the city. He chose to use sliced bread rather a traditional baguette. When the customer asked which meat he had used, he replied: “du monsieur” (implying the meat was human) as a joke. I guess you had to be there...Nevertheless, the legend lived on and the whole world became enamoured with Croque monsieurs.Louis Leprince-Ringuet defined the Croque monsieur in 1966 as:Ham between two slices of bread covered in cheese which is baked in the oven.Now there are several different types of Croq ue monsieur. In Paris, it’s served with bechamel sauce. However, the recipe can also call for fruit, vegetables, etc.There are related dishes all over the world, too. In the US, there’s the grilled cheese, the cheese toasty in the UK, welsh rarebit, and in France, the fast-food chain Quick serves their Quick’N Toast.The most famous variant, however, is probably the “Croque Madame”. This is a Croque Monsieur with a fried egg on top.There’s many a great “Croque”.Discover some other great easy recipes.The True Croque Monsieur RecipeNow you know the history of the Croque monsieur, you should learn how to make one. Like with toasted sandwiches, there's almost no limit to what you can do with your Croque monsieurs. (Source: Dustytoes)Here’s the recipe for a traditional Croque monsieur.Ingredients for 4 people:8 slices of bread50g of softened butter4 slices of ham8 slices of cheese100g of grated gruyere cheese4 tablespoons of milkA pinch of nutmegSalt and pepperButter the bread on one side only. Add a slice of cheese.  Before buttering the slices of bread, you can always toast them.Add a slice of ham to four of the slices. If the ham’s too big, you can always fold it in half.  Place the other slices on top.Mix the grated cheese, milk, salt, pepper, and nutmeg in a small pot. Place the mix on top of your sandwiches.Now place your Croque monsieurs onto a baking tray and bake for 10 minutes.If you prefer Croque monsieurs with bechamel sauce, you just need to place the bechamel on the lower slice and top of the sandwich before sprinkling the grated gruyère on top.After something more substantial ?Learn how to make a quiche.Different Types of Croque MonsieurWho said there was only one way to make a Croque monsieur?Each year, more and more variations are popping up. Here are a few you could make at home. A Croque Madame is so much more than just fried eggs on toast. (Source: stevepb)The Croque MadameThe Croque madame is the most similar variation to the original. All you have to do is add a fried egg to the top of your Croque monsieur. Heat your frying pan while the Croque monsieur is in the oven so that the two will be ready at the same time.Hawaiian ToastHawaiian toast is great for anyone who enjoys a sweet-savoury mix. This is even easier to make than a Croque monsieur. Take four slices of bread and take place a slice of cheese and a slice of pineapple on each one... that’s it!I’d recommend using gouda for the cheese as it goes together really well with pineapple. You can also add honey and walnuts if you want. If you love sweet and savoury combinations, try toast with blueberries and goat’s cheese.The ForestierThere’s a Croque monsieur for all the seasons. Instead of ham, you can add mushrooms and onions. This is great in autumn.The VegetarianThere are even Croque monsieu rs for vegetarians. You can use ingredients such as avocado, onions, tomatoes, cheese, and basil. You can slice avocados or crush them before adding them to your sandwich.Similarly, you could enjoy it with spinach, artichoke, and cheese.The DessertJust like with pizzas, there are now dessert versions of the Croque monsieur. Put simply, you can add sweet things to your Croque monsieur. Marshmallows, melted chocolate, the choice is yours!If you've got a sweet tooth, you should learn how to make your own crepes.The PizzaWhy not add pizza ingredients to your Croque monsieur?Tomato sauce, mozzarella, and ham. And there you have your pizza Croque monsieur.Or you could learn how to make a pizza from scratch!The RatatouilleFor when your Croque monsieur just isn’t French enough. Start by adding a bit of tomato sauce (not ketchup!), aubergine, and courgettes. You can even add some garlic and herbes de Provence. Enjoy!Advice for Getting the Most Out of Your Croque MonsieurTo make your Croque monsieurs a success, you need to get the right ingredients. The skills you use to make Croque monsieurs can also be applied to toasted sandwiches and paninis. (Source: bhumann34)Firstly, carefully choose your bread. You can get white or brown bread. This depends on your taste. Generally, brown bread has more taste than white bread. However, if your ingredients don’t have a strong taste, you might want to avoid brown bread and opt for white bread.When it comes to cheese, you should opt for cheeses like gouda. Some cheeses respond well to pepper, too. If you want something stronger, opt for Roquefort.As for a side dish, go for a salad with a nice vinaigrette. You’ll want something light with a Croque monsieur.  However, if you are really hungry, you can always have it with french fries. That’s how they do it in Paris, after all.Bon appétit!If you'd like to learn how to cook, consider getting private tutorials from one of the many talented private tutors on Superprof. There are three main types of cooking tutorial available: face-to-face tutorials, online tutorials, and group tutorials.Face-to-face tutorials involve just you and your tutor. These are usually the most expensive tutorials as you're paying for an individual tutor's time and all the bespoke preparation that goes into your tutorials. However, these are also the most cost-effective.Online tutorials tend to be cheaper as the tutor doesn't have to travel and can schedule more tutorials per week. Of course, it can be trickier to learn without a tutor in the room with you.Finally, if you're looking to save some money, group tutorials tend to be the cheapest per hour. While you won't get your tutor's undivided attention, the cost of the lesson is divided between all the students in attendance.Think carefully about your budget and how you like to learn before choosing your tutor and keep in mind that many of the tutors offer the first hour of tutoring for free.

Back to School Tips for k to 12 Students

Back to School Tips for k to 12 Students Return to school is a mixed activity of pleasure and anxiety for most of the students right from kids to the teens. To manage them is a great task for a parent. Read these tips to handle the situation. Stay organized It is not children alone who have to get back to their routine. Parents too need some organization to come back to the school schedule in its regular scale with breakfast, lunch and follow up activities of school programs. Stay organized and schedule everything before hand to keep your teen on track Check the list of necessary preps Check out whether the school supplies and necessary things like back bag are o Kay with your child. Avoid all kinds of morning embarrassments Don’t be nagging Every parent tends to be nagging regarding the child’s academic progress and more in the case of k 12 students, whose academic entry has a significant phase. Tension is not only yours; your teen has more of it. Trust the child and hand the responsibility to her right from the first day. See the change Shop prudently Clothes for a teenage daughter are an essential aspect of back to school shopping. Use price coupons and old credit cards. Try to choose where the clothes are at their best without false brand images. Set a budget and ask your teens to go by it. It imposes financial discipline on them. Before all these, check at home what you have, what you need and where you can shop Buy old electronic devices High school level entry should demand calculators for doing various math sums like absolute value equation or absolute value equations and inequalities. Don’t jump upon the new ones. Prefer the second hand items to cut down your expenditure and save money Realize the seriousness of prep for college entry High school is the gateway to college and so start the search for prep classes for standardized tests like SAT right from the beginning of the fall. Help your child pick out the right center for prep classes and see their convenience with school timings. Online math tutoring is a good option for such preps. Take care of your teen’s activities High school or junior high school lends a lot of individual and social freedom to the students. Beware of the activities of your teens and try to know what they are doing Prepare your teen mentally New environment makes your teen jitter a bit. Avoid clashes with him and instill positive vibes into him to cope with the situation Keep track of your child’s academic records Teen’s entry into a new school may be positive or could prove otherwise at times. See how your child performs in the school and what interests him Develop a balanced mind for accepting the changes in your child New environment might bring new changes in your teen. Have a balanced attitude to understand and tackle the child.

Is It Possible to Speak Russian Within a Few Months

Is It Possible to Speak Russian Within a Few Months Can You Learn to Speak the Russian Language in Just a Few Months? ChaptersHow Long Does It Take to Learn a Foreign Language?The Particularities of Tolstoy's Language Can Make Learning It A Bit LongerImposing Oneself a Rigorous Schedule In Order to Progress Rapidly and EfficientlySome Methods in Order to Progress More QuicklyNumerous scientific studies have been conducted to find out  what is the human being's concentration capacity. Some have found it to be a few minutes, others about an hour, but all agree that this time of maximum concentration is rare and precious.What this makes us understand is that these moments of learning must be used preciously and that it will be necessary to privilege quality over quantity of learning. This means that attempting to cram Russian grammar for 4 hours at a time will probably not produce the same effects as more spaced out learning.The key to success is always to focus on effective methods and not to believe that the more time you spend looking at your books the faster you will progress.Let's take a look at h ow to save time and have more efficiency when learning Russian.Russian sits within the  East Slavic branch  of the Slavic subfamily of the Indo-European family of languages. The closest relatives of  Russian  are  Ukrainian  and  Belarussian, which you will be able to understand on a basic level after learning Russian.Knowing Russian will make it easier for you to speak any other  Slavic language.For the learner, it will be necessary to become familiar with the Russian alphabet (Cyrillic alphabet), which is very different from the Latin alphabet and writing as we know it. We will need to redouble our efforts as to master the declensions, the tonic accents, or oral pronunciation, which are all difficult and whose phonetics is not always obvious.Did you know that there are plenty of loan words from  Italian,  French  or  German  so you have an advantage if you know any of these languages already? Admittedly those loan words might look a bit archaic as they made their way into the Russ ian language in the 18th and 19th centuries, such as the wordWith a little organization, it is possible to find some free time every day to learn Russian.Some linguists of the US State Department have studied language learning and classified languages into five distinct groups, from the easiest to the most complex.Russian fits in group 4, with a learning estimate of  1100 hours (roundabout 18 months of learning at 2 hours a day).This survey is based on a large number of learners and the results are only average. In addition, the required level here is very high, since we are talking about 1100 hours to reach a level close to or even equivalent to speaking Russian like one's mother tongue!Keep in mind that dedicating more time to your studies will speed up your learning, but it isn’t going to happen in a week's time. It is still going to take months, if not years, for you to start to feel comfortable reading and listening to Russian, and probably longer than that until you will spe ak it easily.Imposing Oneself a Rigorous Schedule In Order to Progress Rapidly and EfficientlyIt may make you feel better to hear 1100 hours, but, don't be fooled, learning a foreign language and speaking it naturally requires time - but above all motivation and discipline in learning.In other words, before learning the Russian language, you may also have to learn to learn. As we've already said, to progress in the Russian language requires imposing daily work times (if possible learning Russian every day at the same time to create one's own learning routine) and especially a regular rhythm: ideally every day.See the various Russian lessons London here.If you want to learn Russian easily and efficiently, try the Pomodoros method.The pomodoros method recommends learning for 25 minutes and then taking a break of 5 minutes. Learning during two or three 25-minute periods every day has been proved to be an effective way to ace Russian as quickly as possible.But, again, this must be recon cilable with one's own schedule and one must be aware of one's own ability to concentrate. When the brain requires rest, it is important to take a break and not to solicit more, which would mean that the learning would become mediocre or unnecessary.Some Methods in Order to Progress More QuicklyA Private TutorIf you have the motivation and desire to progress quickly in Russian, then why not take a Russian lesson with a private tutor to speed up the process?Why not just hire a private tutor (Russian course in New York City)?First, the private tutor will help you to ensure you are using a good learning method that will prove successful with you in the long run.A Russian tutor will also have a fresh look at your learning and will deepen certain concepts you have learned on your own.Having a private tutor is also a great way to take  quality Russian language courses and grammar lessons, which learners tend to neglect when learning Russian on their own.An experienced tutor will also be a ble to help you in a crucial way when it comes to pronouncing certain complex Russian words.Know that with Superprof, most Russian tutors offer the first Russian course for free in order to test their proposed method and ensure that it corresponds to what the learner is looking for.Taking Russian lessons is a good way to progress faster.Alternative MethodsMany teaching platforms such as  Babbel offer interactive training to improve someone's language skills. Babbel is a good example of learning on one's own while also using  an effective method that has already proven to be effective when  learning Italian, Spanish, German or French.Being able  to converse with a native speaker in person or via a webcam will also significantly improve your language skills. It is a tool people often forget about but a proven effective way to quickly graduate from a beginner level to an intermediate level or an advanced level. It also gives the student access to Russian culture for those wishing to co mbine linguistics and local knowledge of the country.Our last advice is to indulge in your passion by adding Russian to your film list? For moviegoers, watching a Russian film or a film with Russian subtitles can be effective.In short:There is no one systematic answer regarding how long it takes to  learn Russian, which depends on far too many criteria, such as the learning capacity of the student, the time that will be spent on the learning, or the methods which will be used.It also depends on what level you are hoping to reach. If for some to speak Russian will mean being able to speak fearlessly of world geopolitics with a native, others will probably not have the same wishes and will seek a level that allows them to interact with a native but which will be more restrictive on specialized topics.Nevertheless, to reduce learning time, some things can be done. Make sure to work for short periods but on a regular basis rather than one 2 hour session every week. You will progress fas ter with speaking and what you learn will be anchored to your long-term memory more easily. We recommend reading articles on the forgetting curve and related learning methodologies. It's an effective way to learn how to learn!Taking group courses or individual courses, communicating regularly with a Russian speaker, or using e-learning platforms are all possibilities that will reduce your language learning time and have you speaking Russian faster. This will not replace motivation, which remains the most valuable thing when it comes to learning!????? (Good luck!)

Boost Your Guitar Sound With Dynamics

Boost Your Guitar Sound With Dynamics Maile Proctor When youre learning guitar its important to master the basics, but there are also some tricks you can use to boost your guitar sound. Musical dynamics affect the way you play notes on your guitar. Understanding how to use them can help you sound like a more experienced guitarist. In this guest post from  Will B. from GuitarFella.com, youll learn about dynamics and how you can start using them to boost your guitar sound Guitar dynamics are like a big secret that everyone knows, but never talks about. We could dare to say that playing guitar dynamics is what makes us sound like pros.  All our guitar idols are masters of dynamics and have complete control over this valuable technique. Whats really cool about dynamics, is that with proper application and use, beginner/intermediate players can start to sound like pros. What Are Guitar Dynamics? We define guitar dynamics as the way we perform a certain piece. The attentive way we choose to pick each and every note. Dynamics are essentially the foundation for what everyone calls the feeling. The most common and basic concept of dynamics is how loud or soft we play. If we pick a certain note with more force, it will come out loud and angry. On the other hand, when we pick a note gently, the note will be soft, like a whisper. Imagine that youre having a conversation with someone, you would not speak completely flat. Instead, you might speak softly or yell if you’re angry. We naturally accent certain words and letters by increasing the intensity of speech; the way we do it depends on what were talking about. We whisper when we wish to make a certain statement more mysterious, unofficial, or confidential. The way we talk with others in terms of dynamics, and how loud or soft we speak and which words we accent, is as important as the words we  say. Having said this, imagine that the words are replaced by notes on the guitar. Our playing dynamics define how loud or soft we’ll pick those notes. We get to choose to accent certain notes by playing them louder in comparison to other notes. Dynamics boost guitar sound help us sound more natural. How to Incorporate Dynamics in Your Playing When youre a beginner or intermediate guitar player, you may not play with dynamics, and you may be completely unaware of the issue. If your playing sounds flat, or fellow musician friends comment that you should try playing with more attitude or feeling, what theyre really trying to say is that you should incorporate playing with dynamics into your performance. Exercise 1 The first exercise starts by choosing a single note. Once you have chosen a note, start picking it in any rhythm you find interesting. For example, try picking that note in straight 8th notes. As you pick the note, focus on picking it extra soft. The note should be barely audible. While still picking a single note, try to increase the intensity of your picking hand, and slowly start playing the same note louder and louder. Bring it all the way up, in terms of volume. To do this, you need to pick furiously. Don’t worry, you won’t break the string. The goal of this exercise is to become aware of the volume range in which you pick notes on the fretboard. This range depends on your picking hand technique and the force you apply. Exercise 2 In this exercise, take your favorite scale and play it the way you usually do, probably by going up and back down the scale. Next, try to accent every other note by playing it louder than the notes in between. The pattern should go like this: 1-2-1-2; where 1 is always a loud note and 2 is always a soft sounding note. Once youre able to do this, try playing two notes aggressively and two notes softly. In this case, our pattern is: 1-1-2-2. The goal of this exercise is to practice control over dynamics. Sometimes, we concentrate too hard on which notes are being played, and we completely disregard all the possibilities of how we can play each of those notes in terms of expression. Exercise 3 In terms of playing loud or soft, dynamics can be applied to both rhythm and lead playing. For the sake of this exercise, try to focus on the dynamics aspect when you play your favorite song. Play the song and try picking certain notes or sections louder or softer. Concentrate on incorporating the dynamics, and don’t worry if it feels weird at first. Moving your focus from what needs to be played to how it should be played will be a major milestone in your guitar skills development. Have fun and rock out! Phrasing Dynamics This is an interesting concept thats a bit more advanced, but it’s still important to be familiar with the essentials when starting out. When we play our first improvised solos, we may play all the notes in the same note duration, which is a common mistake for beginners. For example, we might concentrate so much on which notes from the scale we fret in order to play a lick, that we almost automatically pick all those notes in quarter, eighth or sixteenth notes. Usually, we just go back to playing the licks, riffs, and solos in the note duration patterns that feel comfortable. If we want to incorporate phrasing dynamics in our  playing, we need to mix up the note durations in our solo. For example, try to break up a quarter note into two, eighth notes to make it more interesting. Then, we can follow up with four, sixteenth notes instead of playing another pair of eighth notes. This concept follows the same rules we talked about earlier  when we mentioned picking dynamics (picking loud or soft). In order to make our phrases interesting and natural, we need to combine note durations in intricate ways when we compose our licks and solos. If we don’t do that, our solo will just sound like we’re playing an exercise. Conclusion Playing with dynamics should be one of your primary goals from the very beginning. If you consider yourself to be a beginner player, that doesn’t mean that you don’t need to think about dynamics just yet. On the contrary, utilizing the power of dynamics early on will help you boost your guitar sound, even if you don’t have the amazing chops yet. Dynamics are the secret sauce, this is what usually comes with years of experience and practice. Over time, we naturally start incorporating dynamics intuitively, but theres no excuse to just skip practicing dynamics altogether. Epic sounding single-note solos, like the ones by John Frusciante, inspire us to work on our own playing dynamics. Playing with expressive dynamics is so rewarding, and once you get the chops down, you’ll be amazed at how tremendously different your playing will sound. Guest Post Author: Will Buckler Will is a part-time guitar tutor in music school. He loves writing instructional articles on how to learn guitar in a fast and effective manner. Will has been a writer and reviewer for GuitarFella for the last year and a half. GuitarFella is a great place to find the latest guitar reviews including electric, acoustic, bass, effects, amps etc. Interested in Private Lessons? Search thousands of teachers for local and live, online lessons. Sign up for convenient, affordable private lessons today! Search for Your Teacher

10 Ways to Improve your Spoken English

10 Ways to Improve your Spoken English If you are looking to improve your spoken english these top tips will help you get the most our of your language skills. These suggestions are aimed at those learning english as a foreign language. Have a conversation with a native speaker Try and find opportunities to use your english speaking skills. This might be at the bus stop, at the supermarket or at your local gym. Don’t obsess over sentence structure of grammar just try and have a conversation that flows. Remember, it doesn’t matter if you make a mistake, you WILL be understood. Most find that people are kind enough to help you out if you find yourself in real language difficulty! Think in English Many people struggle with improving their language skills because they are constantly translating from their native language into English. This is simply not sustainable. In fact you are just making language learning more difficult. Multilingual speakers actually find switching between languages very difficult because they are not translating in their hands, they are in fact thinking and speaking in that language instead. Task:  When you are going about your daily activities, instead of thinking in your native tongue, try and and use English. Try this for a day, and just see how your spoken english improves. Listen to English Watch films, listen to podcasts or the radio. Anything that you find interesting that helps you to engage with the spoken word. Utilising your listening skills is useful for improving your conversational skills. It also help you improve your spoken English because you hear more frequently how it should be spoken. A great task to do is to watch films, and then repeat what has been said. That way you improve your sentence construction. Slow down your speaking speed You can’t be expected to speak english fluently at the same speed you use when speaking your native tongue. Focus more on what you say, and using varied vocabulary than trying to get all your words out at once. You can try and progress from that point. It’s better to get your general message across than to speak really fast and risk confusing your speaking partner. You will never improve your language skills if people can’t actually have a coherent conversation with you! Don’t forget to listen A great way of improving your fluency is to listen to the nuances of peoples conversations. Often people are so concerned with what they have to try and communicate across many people forget to listen to  what the other person is actually saying.  Make sure you are responding to what they are saying, not just want you want to respond to! Learn a word as part of a sentence When you are introduced to a new word, try to learn that word as part of a sentence. This will help you understand the meaning of the word. It will also give you more confidence when speaking. Instead of panicking to form correct sentences, you will already have a phrase bank of great sentences that you have already formed. 7.  Record yourself speaking This can have several benefits. If you are trying to improve your accent,  it can be useful to hear how you pronounce certain words. Recording your voice can also be useful to hear your fluency and give you confidence. If you hear yourself speaking, likelihood is you’ll be better then you think you are! Technology is a great tool to give you added support. Read out loud Reading out loud may seen foolish but it really is the best way to improve your spoken english.  Start by using  simple books, and just read out loud until you find a word you do not know. Try if you can to infer the meaning of word from it's context. If you can't don't worry, make a note of it and carry on reading. Don't forget to later look up it's + meaning! The key is to hear yourself reading fluently. This will help build confidence and vocabulary. Learn a new word everyday! Practice, Practice, Practice. This is the most important point of all. If you try and adopt some or all of these top tips, you will be fluent in no time! If you are still having problems, a tutor can help you feel confident about your language skills. At Tutorfair, we have english speakers who teach English as a Foreign Language (EFL)

Changes to ACT essay scores are coming in September

Changes to ACT essay scores are coming in September 2016 has been a year of change for the college admission testing landscape with the introduction of the new SAT in March, and that change appears poised to continue with a revision of the ACT essay’s scoring structure set to debut in September.The ACT unwittingly ignited controversy with its shift in September 2015 to a new essay task and scoring scale.  Beginning with that testing date, the revised ACT essay has been scored on the same 36-point scale as the rest of the test.However, many students reported scores on the ACT essay that were significantly lower than their composite scores on the multiple-choice portion of the ACT (differences of 10 points were not unheard of).   Moreover, some students who paid $50 to have the ACT re-score their essay saw large jumps in their essay scores that called into question the reliability and consistency of the ACT’s essay grading process. The ACT contended that while the essay is scored on the same 36-point scale as the other sections of the test, scores across multiple sections are not intended to be compared to each other.  Rather, the ACT recommends that students look at their percentiles for each section to gauge their relative performance.Last month, the ACT acknowledged the confusion created by the scoring change and revealed that it plans to move to a 2-to-12 score range for the ACT writing test.  This change will take effect with the September 2016 administration of the ACT.According to the ACT, the writing task itself will continue in its current form, as will the four domains on which students’ essays are graded (ideas and analysis, development and support, organization, and language use and conventions).  Beginning with this year’s September ACT, the scores in the four domains (each scored from 2-12) will be averaged to yield an overall ACT writing score between 2 and 12.Hopefully this move towards clarity on the ACT’s part will produce greater consistency in ACT writing scores a change that wou ld be appreciated by students and colleges alike.To learn more about AJ Tutorings test prep and academic programs please call (650) 331-3251 or email us at info@ajtutoring.com